|
alliteration
|
a sequence of words starting with the same sound;
used to draw attention to words or ideas or to create music
with the language. (e.g.The ballerina bounced on the big
blue ball beautifully.) |
|
assonance
|
a repetition of vowel sounds without the repetition
of consonant sounds (e.g. dance, clap) |
|
audience
|
the intended readers of a text |
|
author's
craft
|
choices an author/poet makes when writing a text
(e.g. organizational pattern, style, vocabulary, images,
symbols, point of view, audience) |
|
basic
vocabulary
|
a bank of frequently used words |
|
blurbs
|
information, usually found on the back cover,
to create further interest in reading a book (e.g., reviews
or information on the author or illustrator) |
|
claim
|
thesis or main point, especially in persuasive
writing |
|
classics
|
works that have proved relevant and interesting
across cultures, generations, and eras |
|
climax
(also turning point or crisis)
|
high point of interest or suspense in a story;
point at which the rising action reverses and becomes the falling
action of the story |
|
cluster
|
a prewriting strategy; the writer maps thoughts
about a topic showing how the ideas are connected. The map suggests
an organizational pattern for main ideas and supporting details |
|
codes
|
systems of symbols, letters, or words used to
transmit messages |
|
coherence
|
connectedness, sense that parts of text hold
together |
|
colloquial
|
conversational, informal language |
|
consonance
|
repetition of consonant sounds particularly at
the ends of words (e.g., to kick the black rock) |
|
content
writing
|
using writing as a tool for learning or writing
within the community or common language of a discipline (e.g.,
writing as an historian or scientists might write) |
|
conventions
|
rules of standard English usage, capitalization,
punctuation, paragraphing, and spelling |
|
directionality
|
the sequence of reading a book, text, or illustration
appropriate for the type of recording and the purpose of the
reading |
|
drafts
|
writes |
|
edit
|
preparing writing for final draft by checking
content, organization, spelling, punctuation, capitalization,
usage, paragraph indentation, neatness, and legibility |
|
exposition
|
(expository text) text that explains how or why
things happen |
|
extended
metaphor
|
a metaphor that continues throughout an entire
text; often used to create unity or for rhetorical effect |
|
eye
rhyme
|
letter patterns that look similar but sound different
(e.g., good, food) |
|
feminine
rhyme
|
feminine rhyme is the rhyme that happens in two
syllables of a word rather than in one (e.g., yellow, fellow) |
|
figurative
language
|
language not meant to be taken literally; also
knows as figures of speech (e.g. metaphor, personification,
hyperbole, and simile) |
|
flashbacks
|
interrupting the chronological sequence of a
narrative to tell about a related event from an earlier time |
|
foreshadowing
|
giving hints or clues of what might happen at
a future time in the story |
|
genre
|
the types of forms and features of written text
linked to a specific purpose |
|
imagery
|
figurative language used to produce mental pictures
and appeal to sensesmiscue analysis--a detailed recording of
errors or inaccurate attempts during reading |
|
infer
|
to figure out a suggestion made in the text that
is not directly stated |
|
main
idea
|
|
|
message
|
|
|
metaphor
|
a figure of speech indirectly comparing two essentially
dissimilar things; used to create new connections for the reader
(e.g., My love is a red, red rose.) |
|
mood
|
atmosphere (e.g., suspenseful, peaceful, mysterious,
terrifying) created by the writer's purposeful choice of
vocabulary, pacing, and details |
|
motif
|
a repeated idea in literature narrative – presentation
of a series of events in a purposeful sequence to tell a story,
either fictional or factual |
|
narrative
|
text that describes action or events; usually
includes a problem and resolution; usually, but not always,
fiction |
|
onomatopoeia
|
the use of words that imitate the sounds of movement,
animals, or objects (e.g., buzz, hiss, clickety-clack) |
|
organizer
|
frameworks, maps, outlines, grids, or diagrams
used to put thoughts in order |
|
paragraph
|
a unit of meaning signaled by indenting the first
word or by inserting a line space between sections of writing
|
|
parallel
structure
|
the repeating of phrases and sentences that are
syntactically similar (e.g., phrases all starting with verbs,
same tense) |
|
paraphrase
|
restating the meaning in own words, retaining
all of the ideas without making an interpretation or evaluation
|
|
parody
|
a piece of writing that mocks a particular literary
work or its style; comic effect is intended |
|
patterned
poetry
|
poetry based on a prescribed syllable count,
parts of speech, or shape (e.g., diamond poem) |
|
patterned
sentences
|
a construction used as a base to create new sentences;
young writers substitute a word while keeping the rest of the
sentence the same (e.g., I like pizza. I like snowflakes.
I like whales.) |
|
person
|
point of view; the perspective from which the
writer writes (e.g., first person, third person) |
|
persuasive
|
writing that convinces the designated audience
to support a point of view, make a decision, or take an action
|
|
performance-based
assessment
|
assessment tasks that require students to construct
a response (for example, an extended response), create
a product, or perform a demonstration |
|
phoneme
|
the smallest unit of sound |
|
prewriting
|
the thinking and planning the writer does before
drafting, which includes considering the topic, audience, and
purpose; gathering information; choosing a form; determining
the role of the writer; and making a plan |
|
procedural
text
|
sequential list that uses precise and often technical
and specialized vocabulary to provide a set of directions |
|
reads
on
|
skipping an unknown word or phrase and reading
on to the end of the sentence or until meaning has been regained |
|
record
|
the term for the detailed recording of controlled
observation of a student's reading behavior |
|
recount
|
text that presents a detailed sequential account
of events |
|
report
|
text that presents a summary, usually of an event,
and usually written in the past tense |
|
rerun
|
when an unfamiliar word or phrase causes a reader
to return to the beginning of a sentence to find more clues
to amend or confirm their predictions |
|
resolution
|
the ending of a story where conflicts are resolved
and loose ends are tied together |
|
revise/revision
|
the process of reworking or re-seeing writing,
which includes: considering changes in audience, purpose, focus,
organization, style; elaborating, emphasizing, clarifying, or
simplifying text (adding, deleting, reordering, or substituting)
|
|
rhetorical
question
|
a question for which an answer is not expected;
often used to involve the audience and create interest |
|
simile
|
a figure of speech directly comparing two essentially
dissimilar things; the comparison is signaled with like or as;
used to make writing more vivid, fresh, or interesting (e.g.,
as fresh as bread from the oven) |
|
slant
rhyme
|
rhyme in which the final sounds the lines of
a poem almost, but don't quite rhyme |
|
sight
vocabulary
|
words which the reader quickly recognizes without
having to attend to text details |
|
semantic
|
concerned with the meaning of words or combinations
of words |
|
story
map
|
a planning schema (sometimes notes, jottings,
illustrations, or graphics) outlining the key features and shape
of a text |
|
summarize
|
condense the main points using as few words as
possible and written in own words |
|
supportive
detail
|
|
|
syntax
|
the way words, phrases, and clauses are combined
to form sentence order (e.g., in English, subject – verb
– object is a common pattern.) |
|
synthesize
|
the pulling together of ideas or information
to develop a common framework for understanding or to create
a new idea; writers synthesize when they create, imagine, or
combine ideas |
|
technical
writing
|
type of expository writing (or sometimes persuasive
writing) most often used to convey information (or to
convince others) for technical or business purposes |
|
tension
|
suspense arising from opposing forces or motivations |
|
theme
|
|
|
transitions
|
words or phrases that help make smooth connections
between parts of a text |
|
voice
|
the sense of the person behind the writing (e.g.,
serious, honest, compassionate, or angry); writing that
captures the correct level of distance, formality, or personality
for the purpose of the writing and the audience |
|
word
web
|
a graphic organizer, created by the writer during
prewriting, to gather and connect facts, ideas, concepts, and/or
words |
|
word
classes
|
groups of words with similar functions, origins,
or properties |
